9 Performance Testing Types: Key Benefits & Examples

As a developer or QA engineer, it's important to conduct various performance testing types to avoid system failures and ensure that added features work without any issues. However, different performance testing types serve different purposes. In this text, we will help you understand the differences between various types of performance testing and determine which type is suitable for each situation, followed by an example. Let’s begin!

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1. Load testing

Load testing is performance testing that measures how well a system can handle a high amount of traffic or user interactions. It's important to ensure that a website, web app, or application can handle real-world usage without crashing or slowing down.

Benefits

Here are some of the load testing benefits:

Enhances performance and scalability insights.
Minimizes downtime and data loss risks.
Saves time and money.

Example

Objective: Simulate heavy traffic on a service to assess its performance.
Scenario: Evaluate a product under 100 concurrent users.
Steps:

Ensure the service is running and ready for testing.
Send 100 simultaneous GET requests to the endpoint.
Track response times, throughput, and errors.
Identify performance bottlenecks and areas for improvement.
Implement changes and retest for enhanced performance.

Outcome: Gain insights into the service's performance under load and optimize accordingly.

2. Stress testing

Stress testing measures how well a system can handle a high amount of stress or extreme conditions. Unlike load testing, which focuses on testing a system's performance under expected loads, stress testing pushes a system beyond its limits to see how it responds under extreme conditions.

Benefits

Here are some stress testing benefits:

Reveals system weak points.
Enhances reliability under stress.
Ensures regulatory compliance.

Example

Objective: Assess the system's performance and stability under extreme or high stress levels.
Scenario: Conduct stress testing on a product to evaluate its resilience.
Steps:

Determine the parameters for imposing high stress on the system (e.g., maximum concurrent users, peak load).
Apply the defined stress levels to the system, pushing it to its limits.
Gradually increase the stress levels to observe the system's behavior under escalating pressure.
Monitor system performance metrics, including response times, throughput, and resource utilization.
Identify when the system starts to degrade or exhibit abnormal behavior.
Analyze any performance bottlenecks, errors, or failures encountered during stress testing.
Implement strategies to address identified issues and improve the system's resilience.
Validate the effectiveness of mitigation measures and ensure the system can withstand stress.

Outcome: Gain insights into the system's capacity and limitations under high-stress conditions, enabling optimization and fortification against potential failures.

3. Soak testing

Soak testing is a type of testing that measures how well a system performs under sustained use over an extended period. Soak testing aims to identify performance issues that may not be visible during shorter stress or load tests but can occur over a more extended period of use.

Benefits

Here are some soak testing benefits:

Spots performance issues over time.
Ensures long-term system stability.
Reduces risk of slow performance.

Example

Objective: Assess system stability under sustained usage over an extended period.
Scenario: Perform soak testing on a product for 24 hours.
Steps:

Ensure the system is operational and configured for prolonged testing.
Maintain a consistent level of concurrent users throughout the test.
Run the test for 24 hours to simulate continuous usage.
Continuously monitor system performance, resource utilization, and error rates.
Identify any degradation, memory leaks, or other issues over time.
Assess if the system remains stable and responsive without degradation.
Implement optimizations to address any observed degradation or issues.
Retest to confirm improvements and validate long-term stability.

Outcome: Ensure the system's resilience and stability under prolonged usage, addressing any potential performance degradation or issues over time.

4. Spike testing

Spike testing is a type of testing that measures how well a system can handle sudden and extreme increases in traffic or usage. It aims to identify how a system responds to sudden spikes in usage, such as when a website goes viral, or an application experiences a sudden surge of user interactions.

Benefits

Here are some spike testing benefits:

Spots issues during traffic spikes.
Prevents system-wide failures.
Enhances reliability and uptime.

Example

Objective: Evaluate the system's ability to handle sudden and extreme increases in traffic.
Scenario: Conduct spike testing on a product to simulate rapid traffic spikes.
Steps:

Establish baseline performance metrics under normal load conditions.
Suddenly increase the number of concurrent users or requests.
Generate a significant and rapid surge in traffic to stress the system.
Monitor system behavior, response times, and error rates during the spike.
Evaluate how well the system copes with the sudden surge in traffic.
Assess the system's ability to recover and stabilize after the spike.
Determine any adverse effects on performance or functionality.
Implement optimizations to enhance the system's ability to handle spikes.
Validate improvements and ensure readiness for future spikes.

Outcome: Determine the system's resilience and responsiveness to sudden increases in traffic, identifying potential bottlenecks and areas for improvement.

5. Volume testing

Volume testing measures how well a system can handle extensive data and aims to identify how it responds when a large amount of data is loaded. This type of testing is important for databases and other data-heavy systems to ensure that they remain functional and performant even under heavy data loads.

Benefits

Here are some volume testing benefits:

Finds issues with large data loads.
Ensures scalability for growth.
Minimizes data loss risk.

Example

Objective: Evaluate the system's ability to handle extensive data volumes effectively.
Scenario: Perform volume testing on a database system to assess its scalability and performance.
Steps:

Generate a large volume of test data representative of real-world usage scenarios.
Load the generated data into the database system, ensuring it reaches maximum capacity.
Execute various database queries on the voluminous dataset, including read, write, update, and delete operations.
Monitor database performance metrics such as response times, throughput, and resource utilization during query execution.
Gradually increase test data volume beyond the current capacity to evaluate the system's scalability.
Analyze how the system handles the extensive data volumes, identifying performance bottlenecks or limitations.
Implement optimizations such as indexing, partitioning, or caching to improve database performance under heavy data loads.
Verify the effectiveness of optimizations through retesting and ensure the system can handle extensive data volumes efficiently.

Outcome: Determine the system's ability to manage large volumes of data without compromising performance or stability, facilitating optimization and scalability enhancements as needed.

6. Peak testing

Peak testing measures how well a system performs under its maximum expected load. The goal is to identify the maximum load that a system can handle and how it behaves when pushed beyond that limit.

Benefits

Here are peak testing benefits:

Determines maximum capacity.
Minimizes crash risks.
Enhances competitiveness and improves user experience.

Example

Objective: Evaluate the system's performance at its maximum expected load to ensure readiness for peak usage periods.
Scenario: Conduct peak testing on a product to assess its performance under peak load conditions.
Steps:

Determine the maximum expected load the system should handle during peak usage periods (e.g., concurrent users and transactions per second).
Configure the test environment to simulate the defined peak load conditions.
Inject the maximum expected load into the system, simulating peak usage.
Monitor system performance metrics, including response times, throughput, and resource utilization, during the peak load.
Identify any performance degradation or bottlenecks as the system approaches its maximum capacity.
Analyze the causes of performance degradation or failures encountered during peak testing.
Implement optimizations to address identified performance issues and improve the system's capability to handle peak loads.
Retest the system under peak load conditions to validate the effectiveness of optimizations and ensure readiness for peak usage periods.

Outcome: Ensure the system can handle its maximum expected load without significant performance degradation or failures, enhancing its reliability and scalability during peak usage.

7. Scalability testing

Scalability testing evaluates a system's ability to handle increased workloads as the number of users or transactions grows. This testing is crucial because it ensures the system can perform effectively even under high-traffic conditions.

Benefits

Here are some scalability testing benefits:

Enables scalability for growth.
Enhances user experience.
Reduces operational costs.

Example

Objective: Assess the system's capability to handle increased workloads as user or transaction volumes grow.
Scenario: Perform scalability testing on a product to determine its ability to scale with increasing user demand.
Steps:

Establish performance metrics under normal operating conditions with a specific number of concurrent users or transactions.
Gradually increase the number of concurrent users or transactions to simulate growing demand.
Monitor system performance, including response times, throughput, and resource utilization, as the workload increases.
Identify when the system's performance degrades or scalability limitations become apparent.
Add more resources (e.g., servers, instances) to the system to observe how it handles the increased workload.
Upgrade existing resources (e.g., CPU, memory) to assess the system's ability to scale vertically.
Evaluate the system's scalability characteristics and determine any bottlenecks or limitations encountered during testing.
Implement load balancing, caching, or database sharding optimizations to improve scalability and mitigate bottlenecks.
Validate the effectiveness of optimizations through retesting and ensure the system can scale effectively with growing workloads.

Outcome: Gain insights into the system's ability to scale with increasing user demand, identify scalability limitations, and implement optimizations to enhance scalability and performance.

8. Resilience testing

Resilience testing evaluates a system's ability to withstand different disruptions and bounce back to a normal operating state. This type of testing helps organizations identify potential weaknesses in their systems, such as single points of failure, and proactively address them before they become significant issues.

Benefits

Here are some resilience testing benefits:

Minimizes downtime risks.
Improves disaster recovery.
Lowers data loss risk.

Example

Objective: Assess the system's capability to withstand disruptions and recover to a normal operating state.
Scenario: Conduct resilience testing on a product to evaluate its ability to handle various disruptions.
Steps:

Determine potential disruptions such as network failures, server crashes, or database outages.
Configure the test environment to simulate each disruption scenario.
Interrupting network connections, stopping services, or disconnecting database connections to simulate network failures, server crashes, and database outages.
Monitor the system's behavior during and after each disruption to assess its recovery ability.
Measure the time the system recovers and returns to a normal operating state.
Ensure that data integrity is maintained despite disruptions and recovery processes.
If applicable, test failover mechanisms to ensure transition to backup systems.
Evaluate the system's resilience to different disruptions and identify any weaknesses or areas for improvement.
Implement enhancements such as redundancy, failover mechanisms, or improved error handling to strengthen the system's resilience.
Validate the effectiveness of optimizations through retesting and ensure the system can withstand disruptions effectively.

Outcome: Gain confidence in the system's ability to withstand disruptions and recover gracefully, ensuring uninterrupted service delivery even in adverse conditions.

9. Breakpoint testing

Breakpoint testing is a type of software testing that involves identifying the point at which an application or system fails. The testing is designed to find the maximum load or data volume an application can handle before it becomes unstable, unreliable, or unresponsive.

Benefits

Here are some breakpoint testing benefits:

Streamlines capacity planning.
Boosts system reliability.
Prevents downtime proactively.

Example

Objective: Identify the point at which an application or system fails under specific conditions.
Scenario: Conduct breakpoint testing on a product to determine its failure point when handling many concurrent users.
Steps:

Determine the maximum number of concurrent users the messaging application should support.
Configure the test environment with the messaging application deployed.
Start with several concurrent users, gradually increase the load, and monitor the application's performance metrics.
Monitor for signs of performance degradation, such as increased response times or system errors, and identify the point of load failure.
Analyze the cause of the failure, such as resource exhaustion or bottleneck in the application architecture.
Implement optimizations or architectural changes to address the identified failure point.
Repeat the breakpoint testing after implementing optimizations to verify if the failure point has been addressed.

Outcome: Determine the maximum load the messaging application can handle before failing, enabling optimization and improvements to enhance its scalability and reliability.

How can Global App Testing assist?

With over 90,0000 real testers in 190+ countries, Global App Testing offers crowdsourced testing options on a user-friendly platform that can be tailored to your needs. Our testing includes:

Accessibility testing: Ensuring compatibility with assistive technologies to cater to users with disabilities or impairments.
Compatibility testing: Guaranteeing optimal performance across all platforms by testing across various browsers, devices, operating systems, and network configurations.
Functional testing: Assessing essential functions across any browser or operating system.
Usability testing: Evaluating user experience across different devices and platforms to ensure seamless functionality.
Localization testing: Ensuring app performance meets the requirements of diverse international markets for local relevance and compliance.
Regression testing: Preventing negative impacts on product stability over time by ensuring new changes or updates do not cause issues.